LieAlgebraRoots - Maple Help
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LieAlgebras[LieAlgebraRoots] - find a root or the roots for a semi-simple Lie algebra from a root space and the Cartan subalgebra; or from a root space decomposition

Calling Sequences

     LieAlgebraRoots()

     LieAlgebraRoots()

Parameters

     X     - a vector in a Lie algebra, defining a root space

     CSA   - a list of vectors in a semi-simple Lie algebra, defining a Cartan subalgebra  

     RSD   - a table, defining a root space decomposition of a semi-simple Lie algebra

     

 

Description

Examples

Description

• 

Let g be a Lie algebra and h a Cartan subalgebra. Let be a basis for . A root for g with respect to this basis is a non-zero -tuple of complex numbers such that    (*)  for some .

• 

The set of  which satisfy (*) is called the root space of g defined by and denoted by  A basic theorem in the structure theory of semi-simple Lie algebras asserts that the root spaces  are 1-dimensional.

• 

The first calling sequence calculates the root  for the given root space . If is not a root space, then an empty vector is returned.

• 

The second calling sequence simply returns the indices, as column vectors, for the table defining the root space decomposition.

 

Examples

 

Example 1.

Use the command SimpleLieAlgebraData to initialize the simple Lie algebra This is a 15-dimensional Lie algebra of skew-Hermitian matrices.

(2.1)

(2.2)

 

The explicit matrices defining are given by the StandardRepresentation command.

su4 > 

 

The diagonal matrices determine a Cartan subalgebra.

su4 > 

(2.3)

 

We use the Query command to check that (2.3) is a Cartan subalgebra.

su4 > 

(2.4)

 

Find the root for the root space

 

Note that the command RootSpace  performs the inverse operation to  - given a root, the command returns the corresponding root space.

su4 > 

(2.5)

 

Example 2.

If the complete root space decomposition is given as a table, then the command returns the indices of that table as column vectors.

su4 > 

(2.6)
su4 > 

 

See Also

DifferentialGeometry

CartanSubalgebra

Query

RootSpace

RootSpaceDecomposition

 


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