Chapter 4: Partial Differentiation
Section 4.2: Higher-Order Partial Derivatives
Example 4.2.3
If f=sinx y and a,b=π/6,π/3, obtain all second partial derivatives, both at x,y and at a,b.
Solution
Mathematical Solution
Table 4.2.3(a) lists the simplified forms of the second partial derivatives of f, both at x,y and at a,b.
Partial
at x,y
at a,b
fxx
−y2sinxy
−19π2sin118π2
fxy
cosxy−yxsinxy
cos118π2−118π2sin118π2
fyx
fyy
−x2sinxy
−136π2sin118π2
Table 4.2.3(a) Second partials of f at x,y and π/6,π/3
Maple Solution - Interactive
Define f as an expression and use the second-partial operators from the Calculus palette.
Control-drag f=…
Context Panel: Assign Name
f=sinx y→assign
Second partial derivatives at x,y
Calculus palette: Second-partials operators
Context Panel: Evaluate and Display Inline
∂2∂x2 f = −y2sinxy
∂2∂ y∂ x f = cosxy−xysinxy
∂2∂ x∂ y f = cosxy−xysinxy
∂2∂y2 f = −x2sinxy
Second partial derivatives at a,b
Expression palette: Evaluation template
∂2∂x2 fx=a|f(x)x=π/6,y=π/3 = −19π2sin118π2
∂2∂ y∂ x fx=a|f(x)x=π/6,y=π/3 = cos118π2−118π2sin118π2
∂2∂y2 fx=a|f(x)x=π/6,y=π/3 = −136π2sin118π2
∂2∂ x∂ y fx=a|f(x)x=π/6,y=π/3 = cos118π2−118π2sin118π2
Alternatively, define the second partial derivatives as functions. Every subscripted name must be an Atomic Identifier.
Calculus palette: Second-partial operators
Context Panel: Assign Function
f__xxx,y=∂2∂x2 f→assign as functionf__xx
f__xyx,y=∂2∂ y∂ x f→assign as functionf__xy
f__yyx,y=∂2∂y2 f→assign as functionf__yy
f__yxx,y=∂2∂ x∂ y f→assign as functionf__yx
Obtain the second partial derivatives at x,y
Obtain the second partial derivatives at a,b
f__xxx,y = −y2sinxy
f__xxπ6,π3 = −19π2sin118π2
f__xyx,y = cosxy−yxsinxy
f__xyπ6,π3 = cos118π2−118π2sin118π2
f__yxx,y = cosxy−yxsinxy
f__yxπ6,π3 = cos118π2−118π2sin118π2
f__yyx,y = −x2sinxy
f__yyπ6,π3 = −136π2sin118π2
Maple Solution - Coded
If f is an expression, the simplified forms for its four second partial derivatives are obtained with the diff command. Evaluation at a,b is obtained with the eval command. The names to which the derivatives have been assigned are all Atomic Identifiers.
Assign the expression to the name f.
f≔sinx y:
Second partials at x,y
Second partials at a,b
f__xx≔difff,x,x
evalf__xx,x=π/6,y=π/3
−19π2sin118π2
f__xy≔difff,x,y
evalf__xy,x=π/6,y=π/3
cos118π2−118π2sin118π2
f__yx≔difff,y,x
evalf__yx,x=π/6,y=π/3
f__yy≔difff,y,y
evalf__yy,x=π/6,y=π/3
−136π2sin118π2
If f is a function, its four second partial derivatives are obtained with the D-operator. Evaluation at a,b is immediate since the D-operator returns derivatives as functions.
Define the function f.
f≔x,y→sinx y:
D1,1fx,y
D1,1fπ/6,π/3
D1,2fx,y
D1,2fπ/6,π/3
D2,1fx,y
D2,1fπ/6,π/3
D2,2fx,y
D2,2fπ/6,π/3
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