Derivations - Maple Help
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LieAlgebras[Derivations] - find the derivations of a Lie algebra, find the derivations of a general non-commutative algebra

Calling Sequences

     Derivations(Algname, "keyword")

Parameters

     Algname   - (optional) name or string, the name of a Lie algebra

     keyword   - one of the 3 keywords "Inner", "Full", or "Outer"

 

Description

Examples

Description

• 

 Let be a -dimensional Lie algebra. An matrix  is a derivation forif the associated linear transformation mapping satisfies

 for all .

The set of all derivations defines a matrix Lie algebra denoted by Der. For each the adjoint matrix adis a derivation -- these are the inner derivations InnDer(. The inner derivations define an ideal in Der(and the quotient Lie algebra Der()/InnDer( is the Lie algebra of outer derivations.

• 

Let  be a -dimensional Lie algebra (such as the octonion, a Jordan algebra, or a Clifford algebra. See AlgebraLibraryData). An matrix is a derivation for  if the associated linear transformation mapping satisfies

 for all .

• 

Derivations(Algname, "Inner") returns a list of linearly independent matrices which defines a basis for the Lie algebra of inner derivations for the Lie algebra Algname.

• 

Derivations(Algname) or Derivations(Algname, "Full") returns a list of linearly independent matrices which defines a basis for the Lie algebra of all derivations for the Lie algebra Algname.

• 

Derivations(Algname, "Outer") returns a list of linearly independent matrices which gives a representative list of the outer derivations for the Lie algebra Algname.

• 

If Algname is a general non-commutative algebra, then Derivations(Algname) computes the derivations of this algebra.

• 

The command Derivations is part of the DifferentialGeometry:-LieAlgebras package.  It can be used in the form Derivations(...) only after executing the commands with(DifferentialGeometry) and with(LieAlgebras), but can always be used by executing DifferentialGeometry:-LieAlgebras:-Derivations(...).

Examples

 

Example 1.

First initialize a Lie algebra and display the Lie bracket multiplication table.

 

Alg1 > 

(2.1)

 

For the Lie algebra Alg1 we find that Derivations(Alg1, "Inner") is 4 dimensional and Derivations(Alg1) is 8 dimensional.

Alg1 > 

Alg1 > 

Alg1 > 

 

We can study the properties of Derivations(Alg1) by initializing these matrices as a Lie algebra. We use as a basis for Derivations(Alg1) the inner and outer derivations.

Alg1 > 

Alg1 > 

(2.2)
Alg1 > 

 

We see that the derivation algebra is solvable.

DerAlg > 

(2.3)

 

We check that the span of the vectors (corresponding to the inner derivations) define an ideal.

DerAlg > 

(2.4)

 

We compute the quotient algebra of outer derivations.

DerAlg > 

(2.5)
DerAlg > 

(2.6)

 

Example 2.

We show that the derivations of the octonions form a 14-dimensional semi-simple Lie algebra (which can be seen to be compact real form of the exceptional Lie algebra ).

 

(2.7)

 

We find that the derivation algebra is 14-dimensional

(2.8)

 

Calculate the structure equations for the derivations, initialize ,and check that the derivation algebra is semi-simple.

Oct > 

(2.9)
Oct > 

(2.10)
Oct > 

(2.11)

 

 

 

 

See Also

DifferentialGeometry

LieAlgebras

Adjoint

Query

Query[Derivation]

Query[Ideal]

Query[Solvable]

QuotientAlgebra

 


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