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Example 1.
First create a 5 dimensional manifold M and define a metric tensor g on the tangent space of M.
E >
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M1 >
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| (2.1) |
The standard basis dx1, dx2, ..., dx5 is an orthonormal basis for g and therefore the Hodge star is easily computed.
M1 >
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| (2.2) |
M1 >
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| (2.3) |
M1 >
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| (2.4) |
M1 >
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| (2.5) |
M1 >
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| (2.6) |
Example 2.
To show the dependence of the Hodge star upon the metric g, we consider a general metric on a 2 dimensional manifold.
M1 >
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M2 >
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| (2.7) |
M2 >
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| (2.8) |
M2 >
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| (2.9) |
M2 >
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M2 >
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| (2.11) |
Example 3.
The Laplacian of a function with respect to a metric g can be calculated using the exterior derivative operation and the Hodge star operator.
To illustrate this result, we use the Euclidean metric in polar coordinates [r, theta].
M2 >
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M3 >
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| (2.12) |
To simplify the definition of the Laplacian, we define the Hodge operator with g fixed.
M3 >
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| (2.13) |
To display the Laplacian of phi in compact form we invoke the PDEtools[declare] command.
M3 >
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| (2.14) |
Here is the formula for the Laplacian in terms of Hodge and ExteriorDerivative. Recall that @ is the composition of functions.
M3 >
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| (2.15) |
Example 4.
The HodgeStar program also works in the more general context of a vector bundle E over M.
M3 >
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E >
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| (2.17) |
E >
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| (2.18) |